Servitude and House Girl -phenomenon

I tried collage method and was amazed at the results. They lead me to a very personal topic which I think will be worth talking trough both text and images. I think I should concentrate now on the “house girl” child servitude practise that is common in Ghana and which I got involved. It is something that has bothered me but of which I have not been able to talk much about without trying to hide my true feelings and motifs. I think it would be great to use this study to open up this concept for others to understand and for myself too.

The servant role (linked to entertainer role) is often imposed to Africans. I could look at how the images of serving Africans have shaped my perceptions.

19jan2017_1a

“To be honest I’m panicking now. I thought it would be easy to produce interesting illustrations but I’m still wondering around, floating in the sea of dull images. What is it that I really want to say? I don’t want to make pretty commercial images after all or diary like drawings of my life in Ghana. Well, the latter I do want, short of. I kind of want to bring up something personal. I also want to criticise. Could I criticise my own perceptions via illustrations?

This drawing is based on a different approach. I cut out images from magazines and tried to combine them to provoke some thoughts in me.

This combination of cake topper groom with a carved ceremonial mask / tourist mask decoration created an interesting character. He reminds me of coons, of slave waiters and the servitude and entertainment roles blacks are pushed to. It’s also about exoticism. It’s powerful in the way it talks about the role of africans as entertainers of tourists. As if the whole continent is a theatre set to amuse the white travellers who have come to see something amusing and exotic and primitive wrapped up in Western comfort.  Another thought that came to mind is the noble savage concept.”19jan2017_1b

19jan2017_2a

“Another take with the mask. This time the resulting image is a mammy character. A nurse servant. No much thoughts about this. Getting tired.

My baby was looked after by my in-law whose physical characteristics could well fit to the mammy role. But of course she was not a servant. She was our guest and she was honouring the tradition of helping (take care of) a new born baby.

We had also niece and nephew living with us. They were not considered “help” (as in domestic workers) but they did help us in exchange of upkeep and education. It was a benefit relationship though it was also a sentimental family relationship. It did borderline with having a servant and made me at times uneasy.

Maybe this relationship would be worth illustrating. It is a complex social issue and could be beneficial to bring it up. The phenomenon is known us “House Girl.”

19jan2017_2b

“My dearest child, my lovely girl, how could I do this to you? To subject you to my work, to benefit from you once again? I already made use of our relationship by benefitting from your house help as you benefitted in terms of education and care. I should maybe seek your permission. Or would it make you uneasy? How could I even reach you now that you are in boarding school (without access to a mobile phone and internet)? Maybe the best solution would be to keep your identity a secret. Thought there is a change you will be recognised anyhow.

I kept telling myself you were like my child but it was not so. I was using you (in economical sense) We had a peculiar relationship, though in the Ghanian context it was normal.

I think this is really worth drawing and writing about. Servant roles and family ties mixed in this cultural habit.”19jan2017_3b

“How could I illustrate this relationship?

Is the house girl phenomenon there really just to go around the lack of electric house hold appliances that do all the job in the West? I s she the multipurpose appliance, a servant robot?

I had emotional benefits too. I had someone to talk to. Though not at the same level. I wanted to be on your level.”19jan2017_3a

Exploitative Design

Do I design socially-just and socially-conscious way or is my design colonialists in nature? Do I merely exploit the people and cultures I am portraying in order to gain from them? I harbour a thought of being kind of saintly in my design practises, being married to an African and all. Shouldn’t that by the fact make me above all racism and biased actions and attitudes? I am afraid this study will shake my self satisfied views.

Article by Ellis, Adams and Bochner

Autoethnography: An Overview1)

Carolyn EllisTony E. Adams & Arthur P. Bochner

http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1589/3095

This summarises well what auto ethnography is all about.

“Autoethnography is an approach to research and writing that seeks to describe and systematically analyze (graphy) personal experience (auto) in order to understand cultural experience (ethno) (ELLIS, 2004; HOLMAN JONES, 2005).”

What makes it special?

“Autoethnographers must not only use their methodological tools and research literature to analyze experience, but also must consider ways others may experience similar epiphanies; they must use personal experience to illustrate facets of cultural experience, and, in so doing, make characteristics of a culture familiar for insiders and outsiders.”

“When researchers write autoethnographies, they seek to produce aesthetic and evocative thick descriptions of personal and interpersonal experience. They accomplish this by first discerning patterns of cultural experience evidenced by field notes, interviews, and/or artifacts, and then describing these patterns using facets of storytelling (e.g., character and plot development), showing and telling, and alterations of authorial voice.”

Generalizability

“In autoethnography, the focus of generalizability moves from respondents to readers, and is always being tested by readers as they determine if a story speaks to them about their experience or about the lives of others they know; it is determined by whether the (specific) autoethnographer is able to illuminate (general) unfamiliar cultural processes (ELLIS & BOCHNER, 2000; ELLIS & ELLINGSON, 2000).”

Looking for inspiration

I love Karin Miller’s art. http://www.karinmiller.co.za

And Reetta Isotupa-Siltanen’s cards. http://joutomaassa.blogspot.fi

Maybe I should try collages at least as a sketching method. It could open up ideas.

Also I could leave the boring and binding micro stocks thing and move on to making purely art. Digital art could be the thing. I could then have the images printed in products etc. for my own use and have a site for them to promote my work. Would finally need to put up that portfolio site.

Abstract Crisis

 

I have a dilemma. I am supposed to produce an abstract by April but the Whole paper is due on July. I thought that meant I have time to write until July. But now it has hit me that an abstract needs:

  • Background
  • Methods
  • RESULTS!!
  • CONCLUSION!!

As you may deduct from the typographical choice I am really not sure if I will be able to actually produce any results before the deadline.

Interesting arguments against and for writing an abstract before the study is ready:

http://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/7428/how-to-write-abstract-for-conference-when-you-have-no-results-yet

I really have to work my ass of now. How an earth am I going to do this? At least I could do the analysis only on the sketches and leave the final illustrations for later. I could also drop out the bench marking. Also I would have to write the methodology and bibliography after submitting the abstract. That sounds strange but what can I do?

Another question is how am I actually going to get any results and how can I summarise them? I am going to after all just write down some significant memories and analyse how my experiences might show in my work. That means a lot of prose, a LOT OF WORDS to describe what is going on. Is it really possible to summarise all that? I guess it has to be. I should read some abstracts of autoethnographies.

I also need a drastically different kind of schedule planned. I should execute the study written really poorly and fast and then take my time after the abstract submission to brush it up.

 

Comments on work diary this far

This far I’m really not satisfied with what I’ve drawn. My concepts are boring. I need to really find out what is it I really want to do. I also feel maybe this idea of publishing the drawings in micro stocks has limited me. I think I should let go of what I am being expected to produce. Also I should try to forget I’m actually studying race, stereotypes etc. This also seems to bind me.

Unique story

The Sage Handbook of Visual Research Methods

The Photo Diary as autoethnographic method p.245

By Eric Margolis & Luc Pauwels

“An autoethnographic account tells a ‘unique’ story (to a unique reader), whereas social science theory has had generalization as its end goal.”

Helpful youtube videos

Making the case for Autoethnography

Interesting lecture of auto ethnography. I admit I skipped to 50 mins to get to the actual auto ethnography content.

This makes me wonder if you actually cannot use the traditional format of introduction, discussion and results. Would it be bad auto ethnography if you applied a bit of structure to it? Though I have no objections of resigning from that format. I just have to hope the conference review board understand auto ethnography.

Autoethnography: Possibility and Controversy

At 25:53 mins the video talks about Evocative and analytic auto ethnography. I have been more interested in the evocative auto ethnography but I am not sure how well it fits my purposes.

Notes: The Ethnographic I, Carolyn Ellis

Autoethnographic writing starts with personal life and pays attention to the researcher’s physical feelings, thoughts and emotions.

Autoethnography uses systematic sociological introspection and emotional recall to understand the experience.

Then the experience is written as a story.

-preface XVII

“These writers want readers to be able to put themselves in the place of others, within a culture of experience that enlarges their social awareness and empathy. Their goals include:

  • one, evoking emotional experience in readers;
  • two, giving voice to stories and groups of people traditionally left out of social science inquiry;
  • three, producing writing of high literary/artstic quality;
  • and four, improving readers’, participants’ and authors’ lives.” (bullet points added for clarity)

-page 30

“The goal is to practise an artful, poetic and empathic social science in which readers can keep in their minds and feel in their bodies the complexities of concrete moments of lived experience.”

-page 30

“The author usually writes in the first person, making herself or himself the object of research.”

-page 31

“The story often discloses hidden details of private life and highlights emotional experience.”

-page 31

Narrative truth = experiences depicted become believable, lifelike and possible.

-page 31

As a form of ethnography, auto ethnography overlaps art and science.

-page 31

Stories are the way people make sense of the world.

-page 32

Autoethnography refers to writing about the personal and its relationship to culture. It is an autobiographical genre of writing and research that displays multiple layers of consciousness. (Ellis after Dumon 1978, 3, 200)

-page 32

“First they look trough an ethnographic wide angle lens, focusing on social and cultural aspects of their personal experience; then they look inward, exposing a vulnerable self that is moved by and may move trough, refract, and resist cultural interpretations.”

-page 32

How to take retrospective field notes:

  • Write  notes on what you remember
  • put the notes down and fill in more memories later

-page 117

In field notes you try to fill in as much information as possible. When you start writing the story you limit the information.

-page 117

“Events in the past are interpreted from our current position.”

-page 117

VALIDITY in autoethnographic work = the work evokes in readers a feeling that the experience described is life like, believable and possible.

-page 124

“You can also judge validity by wether it helps communicate with others different themselves or offers a way to improve the lives of participants and readers -or even your own.”

instead of the factual truth, the truth of experience

“What matters is the way in which the story enables the reader to enter the subjective world of the teller -to see the world from her or his point of view, even if this world does not mach reality.”

-page 125-126

Think about re-creating emotions and dialogue rather than remembering it. Just sit down and create a scene that could have happened and see what flashes back. Use everything you do remember, the bits and pieces of words, and fill in the emotions until they feel authentic.

-page 161

“Story’s generalizability is always being tested…by readers as they determine if a story speaks to them about their experience or about the lives of others they know.

-page 195